Most small business owners either skip keyword research entirely or get so overwhelmed by the process that they never actually use the keywords they find. Both approaches hurt your business.
Start with what you actually do. Make a simple list: your services, your location, the problems you solve, and how customers describe what you do. If you're a wedding photographer in Denver, your basic list might include "wedding photography," "Denver photographer," "engagement photos," "wedding photos," "Colorado wedding photography."
Use free tools to expand your list and see what people actually search for. Ubersuggest gives you search volume and competition levels. Answer the Public shows you questions people ask. Google Trends tells you if interest is growing or declining. These tools are free for basic searches.
Focus on long-tail keywords because they're easier to rank for and often convert better. Instead of trying to rank for "photography" (nearly impossible), target "outdoor wedding photography Denver" or "engagement photos Colorado mountains." These longer phrases have less competition and attract people who know exactly what they want.
Look for keywords with decent search volume but manageable competition. For small businesses, 100-1000 monthly searches is often the sweet spot. A keyword with 50,000 monthly searches might seem amazing, but if you're competing with Getty Images and Canon, you'll never rank for it.
Consider search intent. Are people searching to learn something or to buy something? "How to plan a wedding" is informational. "Wedding photographers near me" is commercial. Both are valuable, but they serve different purposes in your marketing strategy.
Organize your findings in a simple spreadsheet with columns for keyword, search volume, competition level, and intent. This becomes your roadmap for content creation and SEO optimization. Enji's keyword research tools can help streamline this process and track your progress over time.